Historically data (data structure) and a program to manipulate it were created at the same time. A payroll program determined its own data, its type and created its own data source. Data created by a program can only be used only by that program and its logic. This approach bonded data and program right from the beginning. This approach was obvious given the historical conditions existing at that time. A Fortran programmer used to create data file for his program only. However when business started using computers, data was common to many departments and hence this approach of marrying data and program from the beginning was practically useful.
What is orientation?
Orientation means direction For instance, an orientation program in cloud computing means, it is a program in which audience is directed towards considering "cloud" as a new approach. Orientation also means " focus". For instance, when we say currently our orientation is towards "saving power" we mean we are focused on "saving power". Another meaning of orientation is using some paradigm as basis for building something. For instance " objected oriented programming" is a programming approach in which " object" paradigm is central to everything. In an orientation, certain implications are obvious.
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